“The heavy cognitive workload of driving suggests that any secondary task has the potential to affect driver behavior” (Salvucci and Taatgen 108). Original direct quotation beginning with an upper case letter: How are square brackets used to help integrate a quote properly? Note: Parentheses are used incorrectly in place of brackets in this example, making the inserted words look like they are part of the original text. leaves little processing capacity available for other tasks” (Salvucci and Taatgen 107). “riving is not as automatic as one might think in fact, it imposes a heavy procedural workload (visual and motor demands) on cognition that. Note: Brackets are placed around the inserted words in this example to provide further explanation of the “procedural workload” discussed in the original text. “riving is not as automatic as one might think in fact, it imposes a heavy procedural workload on cognition that.
Quotation with brackets used correctly around an explanatory insert: Note: Parentheses are used incorrectly in place of brackets in this example, making the inserted word look like it could be part of the original text. “It (driving) imposes a heavy procedural workload on cognition that. Quotation with parentheses incorrectly used in place of brackets: Note: Brackets are placed around the inserted word in this example to let the reader know that ‘driving’ clarifies the meaning of the pronoun ‘it.’ “It imposes a heavy procedural workload on cognition that. Quotation with brackets used correctly around a clarifying word: How are square brackets used around clarifying or explanatory words?
A common error writers make is to use parentheses in place of brackets. The brackets, always used in pairs, enclose words intended to clarify meaning, provide a brief explanation, or to help integrate the quote into the writer’s sentence. When writers insert or alter words in a direct quotation, square brackets-are placed around the change.
What punctuation should be used when words are inserted or altered in a direct quotation?
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